became a favorite of American teenagers in the '70s. Most kids were infatuated with the look of
, not their music. Decked out in outrageously flamboyant costumes and makeup, the band fashioned a captivating stage show featuring dry ice, smoke bombs, elaborate lighting, blood spitting, and fire breathing that captured the imaginations of thousands of kids. But
' music shouldn't be dismissed -- it was a commercially potent mix of anthemic, fist-pounding hard rock driven by sleek hooks and ballads powered by loud guitars, cloying melodies, and sweeping strings. It was a sound that laid the groundwork for both arena rock and the pop-metal that dominated rock in the late '80s.
Kiss was the brainchild of
Gene Simmons (bass, vocals) and
Paul Stanley (rhythm guitar, vocals), former members of the New York-based hard rock band
Wicked Lester; the duo brought in drummer
Peter Criss through his ad in
Rolling Stone, while guitarist
Ace Frehley responded to an advertisement in
The Village Voice. Even at their first Manhattan concert in 1973, the group's approach was theatrical, and Flipside producer
Bill Aucoin offered the band a management deal after the show. Two weeks later, the band was signed to
Neil Bogart's fledgling record label, Casablanca.
Kiss released their self-titled debut in February of 1974; it peaked at number 87 on the U.S. charts. By April of 1975, the group had released three albums and had been touring America constantly, building up a sizable fan base.
Culled from those numerous concerts,
Alive! (released in the fall of 1975) made the band rock & roll superstars; it climbed into the Top Ten and its accompanying single, "Rock 'N' Roll All Nite," made it to number 12. Their follow-up,
Destroyer, was released in March of 1976 and became the group's first platinum album; it also featured their first Top Ten single,
Peter Criss' power ballad "Beth."
Kiss mania was in full swing; thousands of pieces of merchandise hit the marketplace (including pinball machines, makeup and masks, and board games), and the group had two comic books released by Marvel as well as a live-action TV movie, Kiss Meet the Phantom of the Park. A 1977 Gallup poll named
Kiss the most popular band in America. The group was never seen in public without wearing their makeup, and their popularity was growing by leaps and bounds; the membership of the Kiss Army, the band's fan club, was now in the six figures.
Even such enormous popularity had its limits, and the band reached them in 1978, when all four members released solo albums on the same day in October.
Simmons' record was the most successful, reaching number 22 on the charts, yet all of them made it into the Top 50.
Dynasty, released in 1979, continued their streak of platinum albums, yet it was their last record with the original lineup --
Criss left in 1980.
Kiss Unmasked, released in the summer of 1980, was recorded with session drummer
Anton Fig;
Criss' true replacement,
Eric Carr, joined the band in time for their 1980 world tour.
Kiss Unmasked was their first record since
Destroyer to fail to go platinum, and 1981's
Music from the Elder, their first album recorded with
Carr, didn't even go gold -- it couldn't even climb past number 75 on the charts.
Ace Frehley left the band after its release; he was replaced by
Vinnie Vincent in 1982.
Vincent's first album with the group, 1982's
Creatures of the Night, fared better than
Music from the Elder, yet it couldn't make it past number 45 on the charts.
Sensing it was time for a change,
Kiss dispensed with their makeup for 1983's
Lick It Up. The publicity worked, as the album became their first platinum record in four years.
Animalize, released the following year, was just as successful, and the group essentially recaptured their niche.
Vincent left after
Animalize and was replaced by
Mark St. John, although
St. John was soon taken ill with Reiter's Syndrome and left the band.
Bruce Kulick became
Kiss' new lead guitarist in 1984. For the rest of the decade,
Kiss turned out a series of best-selling albums, culminating in the early 1990 hit ballad "Forever," which was their biggest single since "Beth."
Kiss was scheduled to record a new album with their old producer,
Bob Ezrin, in 1990 when
Eric Carr became severely ill with cancer; he died in November of 1991 at the age of 41.
Kiss replaced him with
Eric Singer and recorded
Revenge (1992), their first album since 1989; it was a Top Ten hit and went gold.
Kiss followed it with the release of
Alive III the following year; it performed respectably, but was not up to the standards of their two previous live records.
In 1996, the original lineup of
Kiss -- featuring
Simmons,
Stanley,
Frehley, and
Criss -- reunited to perform an international tour, complete with their notorious makeup and special effects. The tour was one of the most successful of 1996, and in 1998 the reunited group issued
Psycho Circus. While the ensuing tour in support of
Psycho Circus was a success, sales of
Kiss' reunion album weren't as stellar as anticipated. Reminiscent of the band's late-'70s unfocused period, few tracks on
Psycho Circus featured all four members playing together (most tracks were supplemented with session musicians), as the band seemed more interested in flooding the marketplace with merchandise yet again instead of making the music their top priority. With rumors running rampant that the Psycho Circus Tour would be their last, the quartet announced in the spring of 2000 that they would be launching a U.S. farewell tour in the summer, which became one of the year's top concert draws. But on the eve of a Japanese and Australian tour in early 2001,
Peter Criss suddenly left the band once again, supposedly discontent with his salary. Taking his place was previous
Kiss drummer
Eric Singer, who in a controversial move among some longtime fans, donned
Criss' cat-man makeup (since
Simmons and
Stanley own both
Frehley and
Criss' makeup designs, there was no threat of a lawsuit) as the farewell tour continued.
With the band scheduled to call it a day supposedly by late 2001, a mammoth career-encompassing box set was set for later in the year, while the summer saw perhaps the most over-the-top piece of
Kiss merchandise yet -- the "
Kiss Kasket." The group was relatively quiet through the rest of the year, but 2002 started with a bang as
Gene Simmons turned in an entertaining and controversial interview on NPR where he criticized the organization and berated host
Terry Gross with sexual comments and condescending answers. He was promoting his autobiography at the time, which also caused dissent in the
Kiss camp because of the inflammatory remarks made toward
Ace Frehley.
Frehley was quite angry at the situation, leading to his no-show at an
American Bandstand anniversary show. (His place was taken by a wig-wearing
Tommy Thayer, but no one was fooled and the band looked especially awful while pretending to play their instruments during the pre-recorded track.) The appearance was an embarrassment for the group and for their fans, but
Simmons was quick to dismiss the performance as another in a long series of money-oriented decisions. The band kept touring the globe with no new album in stores, but in 2008 they returned to the studio, re-recorded their hits, and released Jigoku-Retsuden aka
KISSology or Kiss Klassics. The release was exclusive to Japan until a year later when it became a bonus disc for the band's first studio album in 11 years,
Sonic Boom. Produced by
Paul Stanley and
Greg Collins, the album was exclusively distributed in North America by the Wal-Mart chain of stores. In 2012, the band's twentieth studio album, Monster, surfaced, rewriting the cowbell-heavy party rock of their '70s heyday and adding some nods to the sinister metal of 1992's
Revenge.
– Stephen Thomas Erlewine & Greg Prato, Rovi